v4traceroute.cc

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019 Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 *
 * Author: Alberto Gallegos Ramonet
 *
 * Traceroute uses ICMPV4 echo messages to trace all the middle hops to a given destination.
 * It also shows the delay time it takes for a round trip to complete for each
 * set probe (default 3).
 *
 */
 
#include "v4traceroute.h"
 
#include "ns3/assert.h"
#include "ns3/boolean.h"
#include "ns3/icmpv4-l4-protocol.h"
#include "ns3/icmpv4.h"
#include "ns3/inet-socket-address.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-address.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/packet.h"
#include "ns3/socket.h"
#include "ns3/trace-source-accessor.h"
#include "ns3/uinteger.h"
 
namespace ns3
{
 
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("V4TraceRoute");
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(V4TraceRoute);
 
TypeId
V4TraceRoute::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid =
        TypeId("ns3::V4TraceRoute")
            .SetParent<Application>()
            .SetGroupName("Internet-Apps")
            .AddConstructor<V4TraceRoute>()
            .AddAttribute("Remote",
                          "The address of the machine we want to trace.",
                          Ipv4AddressValue(),
                          MakeIpv4AddressAccessor(&V4TraceRoute::m_remote),
                          MakeIpv4AddressChecker())
            .AddAttribute("Tos",
                          "The Type of Service used to send IPv4 packets. "
                          "All 8 bits of the TOS byte are set (including ECN bits).",
                          UintegerValue(0),
                          MakeUintegerAccessor(&V4TraceRoute::m_tos),
                          MakeUintegerChecker<uint8_t>())
            .AddAttribute("Verbose",
                          "Produce usual output.",
                          BooleanValue(true),
                          MakeBooleanAccessor(&V4TraceRoute::m_verbose),
                          MakeBooleanChecker())
            .AddAttribute("Interval",
                          "Wait interval between sent packets.",
                          TimeValue(Seconds(0)),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&V4TraceRoute::m_interval),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("Size",
                          "The number of data bytes to be sent, real packet will "
                          "be 8 (ICMP) + 20 (IP) bytes longer.",
                          UintegerValue(56),
                          MakeUintegerAccessor(&V4TraceRoute::m_size),
                          MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t>())
            .AddAttribute("MaxHop",
                          "The maximum number of hops to trace.",
                          UintegerValue(30),
                          MakeUintegerAccessor(&V4TraceRoute::m_maxTtl),
                          MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t>())
            .AddAttribute("ProbeNum",
                          "The number of packets send to each hop.",
                          UintegerValue(3),
                          MakeUintegerAccessor(&V4TraceRoute::m_maxProbes),
                          MakeUintegerChecker<uint16_t>())
            .AddAttribute("Timeout",
                          "The waiting time for a route response before a timeout.",
                          TimeValue(Seconds(5)),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&V4TraceRoute::m_waitIcmpReplyTimeout),
                          MakeTimeChecker());
    return tid;
}
 
V4TraceRoute::V4TraceRoute()
    : m_interval(),
      m_size(56),
      m_socket(nullptr),
      m_seq(0),
      m_verbose(true),
      m_traceComplete(false),
      m_probeCount(0),
      m_maxProbes(3),
      m_ttl(1),
      m_maxTtl(30),
      m_waitIcmpReplyTimeout(Seconds(5))
{
    m_osRoute.clear();
    m_routeIpv4.clear();
}
 
V4TraceRoute::~V4TraceRoute()
{
}
 
void
V4TraceRoute::Print(Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream)
{
    m_printStream = stream;
}
 
void
V4TraceRoute::StartApplication()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Application started");
    m_traceComplete = false;
    m_started = Simulator::Now();
 
    NS_ABORT_MSG_IF(m_remote.IsAny(), "'Remote' attribute not properly set");
 
    if (m_verbose)
    {
        NS_LOG_UNCOND("Traceroute to " << m_remote << ", " << m_maxTtl << " hops Max, " << m_size
                                       << " bytes of data.");
    }
 
    if (m_printStream)
    {
        *m_printStream->GetStream() << "Traceroute to " << m_remote << ", " << m_maxTtl
                                    << " hops Max, " << m_size << " bytes of data.\n";
    }
 
    m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket(GetNode(), TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::Ipv4RawSocketFactory"));
    m_socket->SetAttribute("Protocol", UintegerValue(Icmpv4L4Protocol::PROT_NUMBER));
    m_socket->SetIpTos(m_tos); // Affects only IPv4 sockets.
 
    NS_ASSERT(m_socket);
    m_socket->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&V4TraceRoute::Receive, this));
 
    InetSocketAddress src = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 0);
    int status;
    status = m_socket->Bind(src);
    NS_ASSERT(status != -1);
 
    m_next = Simulator::ScheduleNow(&V4TraceRoute::StartWaitReplyTimer, this);
}
 
void
V4TraceRoute::StopApplication()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    if (!m_traceComplete)
    {
        if (m_verbose)
        {
            NS_LOG_UNCOND("\nTrace Complete");
        }
 
        if (m_printStream)
        {
            *m_printStream->GetStream() << "Trace Complete\n" << std::endl;
        }
 
        m_traceComplete = true;
    }
 
    if (m_next.IsPending())
    {
        m_next.Cancel();
    }
 
    if (m_waitIcmpReplyTimer.IsPending())
    {
        m_waitIcmpReplyTimer.Cancel();
    }
 
    if (m_socket)
    {
        m_socket->Close();
    }
}
 
void
V4TraceRoute::DoDispose()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    if (m_next.IsPending() || m_waitIcmpReplyTimer.IsPending())
    {
        StopApplication();
    }
 
    m_socket = nullptr;
    Application::DoDispose();
}
 
uint32_t
V4TraceRoute::GetApplicationId() const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    Ptr<Node> node = GetNode();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < node->GetNApplications(); ++i)
    {
        if (node->GetApplication(i) == this)
        {
            return i;
        }
    }
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(false, "forgot to add application to node");
    return 0;
}
 
void
V4TraceRoute::Receive(Ptr<Socket> socket)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << socket);
 
    while (m_socket->GetRxAvailable() > 0)
    {
        Address from;
        Ptr<Packet> p = m_socket->RecvFrom(0xffffffff, 0, from);
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("recv " << p->GetSize() << " bytes");
        NS_ASSERT(InetSocketAddress::IsMatchingType(from));
        InetSocketAddress realFrom = InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom(from);
        NS_ASSERT(realFrom.GetPort() == 1);
        Ipv4Header ipv4;
        p->RemoveHeader(ipv4);
        NS_ASSERT(ipv4.GetProtocol() == Icmpv4L4Protocol::PROT_NUMBER);
        Icmpv4Header icmp;
        p->RemoveHeader(icmp);
 
        if (icmp.GetType() == Icmpv4Header::ICMPV4_TIME_EXCEEDED)
        {
            Icmpv4TimeExceeded timeoutResp;
            p->RemoveHeader(timeoutResp);
 
            // GetData () gets 64 bits of data, but the received packet
            // only contains 32 bits of data.
            uint8_t data[8];
            timeoutResp.GetData(data);
 
            // Get the 7th and 8th Octet to obtain the Sequence number from
            // the original packet.
            uint16_t recvSeq;
            recvSeq = (uint16_t)data[7] << 0;
            recvSeq |= (uint16_t)data[6] << 8;
 
            auto i = m_sent.find(recvSeq);
            if (i != m_sent.end())
            {
                Time sendTime = i->second;
                NS_ASSERT(Simulator::Now() >= sendTime);
                Time delta = Simulator::Now() - sendTime;
 
                m_routeIpv4.str("");
                m_routeIpv4.clear();
                m_routeIpv4 << realFrom.GetIpv4();
                m_osRoute << delta.As(Time::MS);
                if (m_probeCount == m_maxProbes)
                {
                    if (m_verbose)
                    {
                        NS_LOG_UNCOND(m_ttl << " " << m_routeIpv4.str() << " " << m_osRoute.str());
                    }
 
                    if (m_printStream)
                    {
                        *m_printStream->GetStream()
                            << m_ttl << " " << m_routeIpv4.str() << " " << m_osRoute.str() << "\n";
                    }
                    m_osRoute.str("");
                    m_osRoute.clear();
                    m_routeIpv4.str("");
                    m_routeIpv4.clear();
                }
                else
                {
                    m_osRoute << " ";
                }
 
                m_waitIcmpReplyTimer.Cancel();
 
                if (m_ttl < m_maxTtl + 1)
                {
                    m_next =
                        Simulator::Schedule(m_interval, &V4TraceRoute::StartWaitReplyTimer, this);
                }
            }
        }
        else if (icmp.GetType() == Icmpv4Header::ICMPV4_ECHO_REPLY &&
                 m_remote == realFrom.GetIpv4())
        {
            // When UDP is used, TraceRoute should stop until ICMPV4_DEST_UNREACH
            // (with code (3) PORT_UNREACH) is received, however, the current
            // ns-3 implementation does not include the UDP version of traceroute.
            // The traceroute ICMP version (the current version) stops until max_ttl is reached
            // or until an ICMP ECHO REPLY is received m_maxProbes times.
 
            Icmpv4Echo echo;
            p->RemoveHeader(echo);
            auto i = m_sent.find(echo.GetSequenceNumber());
 
            if (i != m_sent.end() && echo.GetIdentifier() == 0)
            {
                uint32_t dataSize = echo.GetDataSize();
 
                if (dataSize == m_size)
                {
                    Time sendTime = i->second;
                    NS_ASSERT(Simulator::Now() >= sendTime);
                    Time delta = Simulator::Now() - sendTime;
 
                    m_sent.erase(i);
 
                    if (m_verbose)
                    {
                        m_routeIpv4.str("");
                        m_routeIpv4.clear();
                        m_routeIpv4 << realFrom.GetIpv4();
                        m_osRoute << delta.As(Time::MS);
 
                        if (m_probeCount == m_maxProbes)
                        {
                            NS_LOG_UNCOND(m_ttl << " " << m_routeIpv4.str() << " "
                                                << m_osRoute.str());
                            if (m_printStream)
                            {
                                *m_printStream->GetStream() << m_ttl << " " << m_routeIpv4.str()
                                                            << " " << m_osRoute.str() << "\n";
                            }
 
                            m_osRoute.clear();
                            m_routeIpv4.clear();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            m_osRoute << " ";
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
 
            m_waitIcmpReplyTimer.Cancel();
            if (m_probeCount == m_maxProbes)
            {
                if (!m_traceComplete)
                {
                    if (m_verbose)
                    {
                        NS_LOG_UNCOND("\nTrace Complete");
                    }
                    if (m_printStream)
                    {
                        *m_printStream->GetStream() << "Trace Complete\n" << std::endl;
                    }
                    m_traceComplete = true;
                    Simulator::ScheduleNow(&V4TraceRoute::StopApplication, this);
                }
            }
            else if (m_ttl < m_maxTtl + 1)
            {
                m_next = Simulator::Schedule(m_interval, &V4TraceRoute::StartWaitReplyTimer, this);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
void
V4TraceRoute::Send()
{
    NS_LOG_INFO("m_seq=" << m_seq);
    Ptr<Packet> p = Create<Packet>();
    Icmpv4Echo echo;
    echo.SetSequenceNumber(m_seq);
    m_seq++;
    echo.SetIdentifier(0);
 
    //
    // We must write quantities out in some form of network order.  Since there
    // isn't an htonl to work with we just follow the convention in pcap traces
    // (where any difference would show up anyway) and borrow that code.  Don't
    // be too surprised when you see that this is a little endian convention.
    //
    NS_ASSERT(m_size >= 16);
 
    Ptr<Packet> dataPacket = Create<Packet>(m_size);
    echo.SetData(dataPacket);
    p->AddHeader(echo);
    Icmpv4Header header;
    header.SetType(Icmpv4Header::ICMPV4_ECHO);
    header.SetCode(0);
    if (Node::ChecksumEnabled())
    {
        header.EnableChecksum();
    }
 
    p->AddHeader(header);
 
    if (m_probeCount < m_maxProbes)
    {
        m_probeCount++;
    }
    else
    {
        m_probeCount = 1;
        m_ttl++;
    }
 
    m_sent.insert(std::make_pair(m_seq - 1, Simulator::Now()));
    m_socket->SetIpTtl(m_ttl);
 
    InetSocketAddress dst = InetSocketAddress(m_remote, 0);
    m_socket->SendTo(p, 0, dst);
}
 
void
V4TraceRoute::StartWaitReplyTimer()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    if (!m_waitIcmpReplyTimer.IsPending())
    {
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Starting WaitIcmpReplyTimer at " << Simulator::Now() << " for "
                                                       << m_waitIcmpReplyTimeout);
 
        m_waitIcmpReplyTimer = Simulator::Schedule(m_waitIcmpReplyTimeout,
                                                   &V4TraceRoute::HandleWaitReplyTimeout,
                                                   this);
        Send();
    }
}
 
void
V4TraceRoute::HandleWaitReplyTimeout()
{
    if (m_ttl < m_maxTtl + 1)
    {
        m_next = Simulator::Schedule(m_interval, &V4TraceRoute::StartWaitReplyTimer, this);
    }
 
    m_osRoute << "*  ";
    if (m_probeCount == m_maxProbes)
    {
        if (m_verbose)
        {
            NS_LOG_UNCOND(m_ttl << " " << m_routeIpv4.str() << " " << m_osRoute.str());
        }
 
        if (m_printStream)
        {
            *m_printStream->GetStream()
                << m_ttl << " " << m_routeIpv4.str() << " " << m_osRoute.str() << "\n";
        }
        m_osRoute.str("");
        m_osRoute.clear();
        m_routeIpv4.str("");
        m_routeIpv4.clear();
    }
}
 
} // namespace ns3