channel-condition-model.cc

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019 SIGNET Lab, Department of Information Engineering,
 * University of Padova
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
 
#include "channel-condition-model.h"
 
#include "ns3/boolean.h"
#include "ns3/double.h"
#include "ns3/geocentric-constant-position-mobility-model.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-model.h"
#include "ns3/node.h"
#include "ns3/pointer.h"
#include "ns3/simulator.h"
#include "ns3/string.h"
 
#include <cmath>
 
namespace
{
 
/// NTN Dense Urban LOS probabilities from table 6.6.1-1 of 3GPP 38.811
const std::map<int, double> DenseUrbanLOSProb{
    {10, {28.2}},
    {20, {33.1}},
    {30, {39.8}},
    {40, {46.8}},
    {50, {53.7}},
    {60, {61.2}},
    {70, {73.8}},
    {80, {82.0}},
    {90, {98.1}},
};
 
/// NTN Urban LOS probabilities from table 6.6.1-1 of 3GPP 38.811
const std::map<int, double> UrbanLOSProb{
    {10, {24.6}},
    {20, {38.6}},
    {30, {49.3}},
    {40, {61.3}},
    {50, {72.6}},
    {60, {80.5}},
    {70, {91.9}},
    {80, {96.8}},
    {90, {99.2}},
};
 
/// NTN Suburban LOS probabilities from table 6.6.1-1 of 3GPP 38.811
const std::map<int, double> SuburbanRuralLOSProb{
    {10, {78.2}},
    {20, {86.9}},
    {30, {91.9}},
    {40, {92.9}},
    {50, {93.5}},
    {60, {94.0}},
    {70, {94.9}},
    {80, {95.2}},
    {90, {99.8}},
};
 
} // namespace
 
namespace ns3
{
 
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("ChannelConditionModel");
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ChannelCondition);
 
TypeId
ChannelCondition::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid =
        TypeId("ns3::ChannelCondition").SetParent<Object>().SetGroupName("Propagation");
    return tid;
}
 
ChannelCondition::ChannelCondition()
    : m_losCondition(LosConditionValue::LC_ND),
      m_o2iCondition(O2iConditionValue::O2I_ND),
      m_o2iLowHighCondition(O2iLowHighConditionValue::LH_O2I_ND)
{
}
 
ChannelCondition::ChannelCondition(ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue losCondition,
                                   ChannelCondition::O2iConditionValue o2iCondition,
                                   ChannelCondition::O2iLowHighConditionValue o2iLowHighCondition)
{
    m_losCondition = losCondition;
    m_o2iCondition = o2iCondition;
    m_o2iLowHighCondition = o2iLowHighCondition;
}
 
ChannelCondition::~ChannelCondition()
{
}
 
ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue
ChannelCondition::GetLosCondition() const
{
    return m_losCondition;
}
 
void
ChannelCondition::SetLosCondition(LosConditionValue cond)
{
    m_losCondition = cond;
}
 
ChannelCondition::O2iConditionValue
ChannelCondition::GetO2iCondition() const
{
    return m_o2iCondition;
}
 
void
ChannelCondition::SetO2iCondition(O2iConditionValue o2iCondition)
{
    m_o2iCondition = o2iCondition;
}
 
ChannelCondition::O2iLowHighConditionValue
ChannelCondition::GetO2iLowHighCondition() const
{
    return m_o2iLowHighCondition;
}
 
void
ChannelCondition::SetO2iLowHighCondition(O2iLowHighConditionValue o2iLowHighCondition)
{
    m_o2iLowHighCondition = o2iLowHighCondition;
}
 
bool
ChannelCondition::IsLos() const
{
    return m_losCondition == ChannelCondition::LOS;
}
 
bool
ChannelCondition::IsNlos() const
{
    return m_losCondition == ChannelCondition::NLOS;
}
 
bool
ChannelCondition::IsNlosv() const
{
    return m_losCondition == ChannelCondition::NLOSv;
}
 
bool
ChannelCondition::IsO2i() const
{
    return m_o2iCondition == ChannelCondition::O2I;
}
 
bool
ChannelCondition::IsO2o() const
{
    return m_o2iCondition == ChannelCondition::O2O;
}
 
bool
ChannelCondition::IsI2i() const
{
    return m_o2iCondition == ChannelCondition::I2I;
}
 
bool
ChannelCondition::IsEqual(LosConditionValue losCondition, O2iConditionValue o2iCondition) const
{
    return m_losCondition == losCondition && m_o2iCondition == o2iCondition;
}
 
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue cond)
{
    if (cond == ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue::LOS)
    {
        os << "LOS";
    }
    else if (cond == ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue::NLOS)
    {
        os << "NLOS";
    }
    else if (cond == ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue::NLOSv)
    {
        os << "NLOSv";
    }
 
    return os;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid =
        TypeId("ns3::ChannelConditionModel").SetParent<Object>().SetGroupName("Propagation");
    return tid;
}
 
ChannelConditionModel::ChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
ChannelConditionModel::~ChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<Object>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel::AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel::~AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
Ptr<ChannelCondition>
AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel::GetChannelCondition(Ptr<const MobilityModel> /* a */,
                                                    Ptr<const MobilityModel> /* b */) const
{
    Ptr<ChannelCondition> c = CreateObject<ChannelCondition>(ChannelCondition::LOS);
 
    return c;
}
 
int64_t
AlwaysLosChannelConditionModel::AssignStreams(int64_t stream)
{
    return 0;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(NeverLosChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
NeverLosChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::NeverLosChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<Object>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<NeverLosChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
NeverLosChannelConditionModel::NeverLosChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
NeverLosChannelConditionModel::~NeverLosChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
Ptr<ChannelCondition>
NeverLosChannelConditionModel::GetChannelCondition(Ptr<const MobilityModel> /* a */,
                                                   Ptr<const MobilityModel> /* b */) const
{
    Ptr<ChannelCondition> c = CreateObject<ChannelCondition>(ChannelCondition::NLOS);
 
    return c;
}
 
int64_t
NeverLosChannelConditionModel::AssignStreams(int64_t stream)
{
    return 0;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel::NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel::~NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
Ptr<ChannelCondition>
NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel::GetChannelCondition(Ptr<const MobilityModel> /* a */,
                                                          Ptr<const MobilityModel> /* b */) const
{
    Ptr<ChannelCondition> c = CreateObject<ChannelCondition>(ChannelCondition::NLOSv);
 
    return c;
}
 
int64_t
NeverLosVehicleChannelConditionModel::AssignStreams(int64_t /* stream */)
{
    return 0;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid =
        TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppChannelConditionModel")
            .SetParent<ChannelConditionModel>()
            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
            .AddAttribute(
                "UpdatePeriod",
                "Specifies the time period after which the channel "
                "condition is recomputed. If set to 0, the channel condition is never updated.",
                TimeValue(MilliSeconds(0)),
                MakeTimeAccessor(&ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::m_updatePeriod),
                MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("O2iThreshold",
                          "Specifies what will be the ratio of O2I channel "
                          "conditions. Default value is 0 that corresponds to 0 O2I losses.",
                          DoubleValue(0.0),
                          MakeDoubleAccessor(&ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::m_o2iThreshold),
                          MakeDoubleChecker<double>(0, 1))
            .AddAttribute("O2iLowLossThreshold",
                          "Specifies what will be the ratio of O2I "
                          "low - high penetration losses. Default value is 1.0 meaning that"
                          "all losses will be low",
                          DoubleValue(1.0),
                          MakeDoubleAccessor(&ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::m_o2iLowLossThreshold),
                          MakeDoubleChecker<double>(0, 1))
            .AddAttribute("LinkO2iConditionToAntennaHeight",
                          "Specifies whether the O2I condition will "
                          "be determined based on the UE height, i.e. if the UE height is 1.5 then "
                          "it is O2O, "
                          "otherwise it is O2I.",
                          BooleanValue(false),
                          MakeBooleanAccessor(
                              &ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::m_linkO2iConditionToAntennaHeight),
                          MakeBooleanChecker());
    return tid;
}
 
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::ThreeGppChannelConditionModel()
    : ChannelConditionModel()
{
    m_uniformVar = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable>();
    m_uniformVar->SetAttribute("Min", DoubleValue(0));
    m_uniformVar->SetAttribute("Max", DoubleValue(1));
 
    m_uniformVarO2i = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable>();
    m_uniformO2iLowHighLossVar = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable>();
}
 
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::~ThreeGppChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
void
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::DoDispose()
{
    m_channelConditionMap.clear();
    m_updatePeriod = Seconds(0.0);
}
 
Ptr<ChannelCondition>
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::GetChannelCondition(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                   Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    Ptr<ChannelCondition> cond;
 
    // get the key for this channel
    uint32_t key = GetKey(a, b);
 
    bool notFound = false; // indicates if the channel condition is not present in the map
    bool update = false;   // indicates if the channel condition has to be updated
 
    // look for the channel condition in m_channelConditionMap
    auto mapItem = m_channelConditionMap.find(key);
    if (mapItem != m_channelConditionMap.end())
    {
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("found the channel condition in the map");
        cond = mapItem->second.m_condition;
 
        // check if it has to be updated
        if (!m_updatePeriod.IsZero() &&
            Simulator::Now() - mapItem->second.m_generatedTime > m_updatePeriod)
        {
            NS_LOG_DEBUG("it has to be updated");
            update = true;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("channel condition not found");
        notFound = true;
    }
 
    // if the channel condition was not found or if it has to be updated
    // generate a new channel condition
    if (notFound || update)
    {
        cond = ComputeChannelCondition(a, b);
        // store the channel condition in m_channelConditionMap, used as cache.
        // For this reason you see a const_cast.
        Item mapItem;
        mapItem.m_condition = cond;
        mapItem.m_generatedTime = Simulator::Now();
        const_cast<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel*>(this)->m_channelConditionMap[key] = mapItem;
    }
 
    return cond;
}
 
ChannelCondition::O2iConditionValue
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::ComputeO2i(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                          Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    double o2iProb = m_uniformVarO2i->GetValue(0, 1);
 
    if (m_linkO2iConditionToAntennaHeight)
    {
        if (std::min(a->GetPosition().z, b->GetPosition().z) == 1.5)
        {
            return ChannelCondition::O2iConditionValue::O2O;
        }
        else
        {
            return ChannelCondition::O2iConditionValue::O2I;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (o2iProb < m_o2iThreshold)
        {
            NS_LOG_INFO("Return O2i condition ....");
            return ChannelCondition::O2iConditionValue::O2I;
        }
        else
        {
            NS_LOG_INFO("Return O2o condition ....");
            return ChannelCondition::O2iConditionValue::O2O;
        }
    }
}
 
Ptr<ChannelCondition>
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::ComputeChannelCondition(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                       Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << a << b);
    Ptr<ChannelCondition> cond = CreateObject<ChannelCondition>();
 
    // compute the LOS probability
    double pLos = ComputePlos(a, b);
    double pNlos = ComputePnlos(a, b);
 
    // draw a random value
    double pRef = m_uniformVar->GetValue();
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("pRef " << pRef << " pLos " << pLos << " pNlos " << pNlos);
 
    // get the channel condition
    if (pRef <= pLos)
    {
        // LOS
        cond->SetLosCondition(ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue::LOS);
    }
    else if (pRef <= pLos + pNlos)
    {
        // NLOS
        cond->SetLosCondition(ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue::NLOS);
    }
    else
    {
        // NLOSv (added to support vehicular scenarios)
        cond->SetLosCondition(ChannelCondition::LosConditionValue::NLOSv);
    }
 
    cond->SetO2iCondition(ComputeO2i(a, b));
 
    if (cond->GetO2iCondition() == ChannelCondition::O2iConditionValue::O2I)
    {
        // Since we have O2I penetration losses, we should choose based on the
        // threshold if it will be low or high penetration losses
        // (see TR38.901 Table 7.4.3)
        double o2iLowHighLossProb = m_uniformO2iLowHighLossVar->GetValue(0, 1);
        ChannelCondition::O2iLowHighConditionValue lowHighLossCondition;
 
        if (o2iLowHighLossProb < m_o2iLowLossThreshold)
        {
            lowHighLossCondition = ChannelCondition::O2iLowHighConditionValue::LOW;
        }
        else
        {
            lowHighLossCondition = ChannelCondition::O2iLowHighConditionValue::HIGH;
        }
        cond->SetO2iLowHighCondition(lowHighLossCondition);
    }
 
    return cond;
}
 
double
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::ComputePnlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                            Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << a << b);
    // by default returns 1 - PLOS
    return (1 - ComputePlos(a, b));
}
 
int64_t
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::AssignStreams(int64_t stream)
{
    m_uniformVar->SetStream(stream);
    m_uniformVarO2i->SetStream(stream + 1);
    m_uniformO2iLowHighLossVar->SetStream(stream + 2);
 
    return 3;
}
 
double
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::Calculate2dDistance(const Vector& a, const Vector& b)
{
    double x = a.x - b.x;
    double y = a.y - b.y;
    double distance2D = sqrt(x * x + y * y);
 
    return distance2D;
}
 
uint32_t
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::GetKey(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a, Ptr<const MobilityModel> b)
{
    // use the nodes ids to obtain a unique key for the channel between a and b
    // sort the nodes ids so that the key is reciprocal
    uint32_t x1 = std::min(a->GetObject<Node>()->GetId(), b->GetObject<Node>()->GetId());
    uint32_t x2 = std::max(a->GetObject<Node>()->GetId(), b->GetObject<Node>()->GetId());
 
    // use the cantor function to obtain the key
    uint32_t key = (((x1 + x2) * (x1 + x2 + 1)) / 2) + x2;
 
    return key;
}
 
std::tuple<double, double>
ThreeGppChannelConditionModel::GetQuantizedElevationAngle(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                          Ptr<const MobilityModel> b)
{
    Ptr<MobilityModel> aMobNonConst = ConstCast<MobilityModel>(a);
    Ptr<MobilityModel> bMobNonConst = ConstCast<MobilityModel>(b);
 
    // check if aMob and bMob are of type GeocentricConstantPositionMobilityModel
    auto aNTNMob = DynamicCast<GeocentricConstantPositionMobilityModel>(aMobNonConst);
    auto bNTNMob = DynamicCast<GeocentricConstantPositionMobilityModel>(bMobNonConst);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(aNTNMob && bNTNMob,
                  "Mobility Models need to be of type Geocentric for NTN scenarios");
 
    double elevAngle = aNTNMob->GetElevationAngle(bNTNMob);
    // Round the elevation angle into a two-digits integer between 10 and 90, as specified in
    // Sec. 6.6.1, 3GPP TR 38.811 v15.4.0
    int elevAngleQuantized = (elevAngle < 10) ? 10 : round(elevAngle / 10) * 10;
    NS_ASSERT_MSG((elevAngleQuantized >= 10) && (elevAngleQuantized <= 90),
                  "Invalid elevation angle!");
 
    return std::make_tuple(elevAngle, elevAngleQuantized);
};
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel::ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel()
    : ThreeGppChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel::~ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
double
ThreeGppRmaChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                              Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // compute the 2D distance between a and b
    double distance2D = Calculate2dDistance(a->GetPosition(), b->GetPosition());
 
    // NOTE: no indication is given about the heights of the BS and the UT used
    // to derive the LOS probability
 
    // compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.901, Sec. 7.4.2)
    double pLos = 0.0;
    if (distance2D <= 10.0)
    {
        pLos = 1.0;
    }
    else
    {
        pLos = exp(-(distance2D - 10.0) / 1000.0);
    }
 
    return pLos;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel::ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel()
    : ThreeGppChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel::~ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
double
ThreeGppUmaChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                              Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // compute the 2D distance between a and b
    double distance2D = Calculate2dDistance(a->GetPosition(), b->GetPosition());
 
    // retrieve h_UT, it should be smaller than 23 m
    double h_UT = std::min(a->GetPosition().z, b->GetPosition().z);
    if (h_UT > 23.0)
    {
        NS_LOG_WARN(
            "The height of the UT should be smaller than 23 m (see TR 38.901, Table 7.4.2-1)");
    }
 
    // retrieve h_BS, it should be equal to 25 m
    double h_BS = std::max(a->GetPosition().z, b->GetPosition().z);
    if (h_BS != 25.0)
    {
        NS_LOG_WARN("The LOS probability was derived assuming BS antenna heights of 25 m (see TR "
                    "38.901, Table 7.4.2-1)");
    }
 
    // compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.901, Sec. 7.4.2)
    double pLos = 0.0;
    if (distance2D <= 18.0)
    {
        pLos = 1.0;
    }
    else
    {
        // compute C'(h_UT)
        double c = 0.0;
        if (h_UT <= 13.0)
        {
            c = 0;
        }
        else
        {
            c = pow((h_UT - 13.0) / 10.0, 1.5);
        }
 
        pLos = (18.0 / distance2D + exp(-distance2D / 63.0) * (1.0 - 18.0 / distance2D)) *
               (1.0 + c * 5.0 / 4.0 * pow(distance2D / 100.0, 3.0) * exp(-distance2D / 150.0));
    }
 
    return pLos;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel::ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel()
    : ThreeGppChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel::~ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
double
ThreeGppUmiStreetCanyonChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                          Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // compute the 2D distance between a and b
    double distance2D = Calculate2dDistance(a->GetPosition(), b->GetPosition());
 
    // NOTE: no indication is given about the UT height used to derive the
    // LOS probability
 
    // h_BS should be equal to 10 m. We check if at least one of the two
    // nodes has height equal to 10 m
    if (a->GetPosition().z != 10.0 && b->GetPosition().z != 10.0)
    {
        NS_LOG_WARN("The LOS probability was derived assuming BS antenna heights of 10 m (see TR "
                    "38.901, Table 7.4.2-1)");
    }
 
    // compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.901, Sec. 7.4.2)
    double pLos = 0.0;
    if (distance2D <= 18.0)
    {
        pLos = 1.0;
    }
    else
    {
        pLos = 18.0 / distance2D + exp(-distance2D / 36.0) * (1.0 - 18.0 / distance2D);
    }
 
    return pLos;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel::ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel()
    : ThreeGppChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel::~ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
double
ThreeGppIndoorMixedOfficeChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                            Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // compute the 2D distance between a and b
    double distance2D = Calculate2dDistance(a->GetPosition(), b->GetPosition());
 
    // NOTE: no indication is given about the UT height used to derive the
    // LOS probability
 
    // retrieve h_BS, it should be equal to 3 m
    double h_BS = std::max(a->GetPosition().z, b->GetPosition().z);
    if (h_BS != 3.0)
    {
        NS_LOG_WARN("The LOS probability was derived assuming BS antenna heights of 3 m (see TR "
                    "38.901, Table 7.4.2-1)");
    }
 
    // compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.901, Sec. 7.4.2)
    double pLos = 0.0;
    if (distance2D <= 1.2)
    {
        pLos = 1.0;
    }
    else if (distance2D > 1.2 && distance2D < 6.5)
    {
        pLos = exp(-(distance2D - 1.2) / 4.7);
    }
    else
    {
        pLos = exp(-(distance2D - 6.5) / 32.6) * 0.32;
    }
 
    return pLos;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel::ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel()
    : ThreeGppChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel::~ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel()
{
}
 
double
ThreeGppIndoorOpenOfficeChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                           Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // compute the 2D distance between a and b
    double distance2D = Calculate2dDistance(a->GetPosition(), b->GetPosition());
 
    // NOTE: no indication is given about the UT height used to derive the
    // LOS probability
 
    // retrieve h_BS, it should be equal to 3 m
    double h_BS = std::max(a->GetPosition().z, b->GetPosition().z);
    if (h_BS != 3.0)
    {
        NS_LOG_WARN("The LOS probability was derived assuming BS antenna heights of 3 m (see TR "
                    "38.901, Table 7.4.2-1)");
    }
 
    // compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.901, Sec. 7.4.2)
    double pLos = 0.0;
    if (distance2D <= 5.0)
    {
        pLos = 1.0;
    }
    else if (distance2D > 5.0 && distance2D <= 49.0)
    {
        pLos = exp(-(distance2D - 5.0) / 70.8);
    }
    else
    {
        pLos = exp(-(distance2D - 49.0) / 211.7) * 0.54;
    }
 
    return pLos;
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppNTNDenseUrbanChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppNTNDenseUrbanChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppNTNDenseUrbanChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppNTNDenseUrbanChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
double
ThreeGppNTNDenseUrbanChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                        Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // Compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.811, Table 6.6.1-1).
    // The elevation angle is first quantized to one of the reference angles.
    auto [elevAngle, quantizedElevAngle] = GetQuantizedElevationAngle(a, b);
    return DenseUrbanLOSProb.at(quantizedElevAngle);
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppNTNUrbanChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppNTNUrbanChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppNTNUrbanChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppNTNUrbanChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
double
ThreeGppNTNUrbanChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                   Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // Compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.811, Table 6.6.1-1).
    // The elevation angle is first quantized to one of the reference angles.
    auto [elevAngle, quantizedElevAngle] = GetQuantizedElevationAngle(a, b);
    return UrbanLOSProb.at(quantizedElevAngle);
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppNTNSuburbanChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppNTNSuburbanChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppNTNSuburbanChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppNTNSuburbanChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
double
ThreeGppNTNSuburbanChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                      Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // Compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.811, Table 6.6.1-1).
    // The elevation angle is first quantized to one of the reference angles.
    auto [elevAngle, quantizedElevAngle] = GetQuantizedElevationAngle(a, b);
    return SuburbanRuralLOSProb.at(quantizedElevAngle);
}
 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(ThreeGppNTNRuralChannelConditionModel);
 
TypeId
ThreeGppNTNRuralChannelConditionModel::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::ThreeGppNTNRuralChannelConditionModel")
                            .SetParent<ThreeGppChannelConditionModel>()
                            .SetGroupName("Propagation")
                            .AddConstructor<ThreeGppNTNRuralChannelConditionModel>();
    return tid;
}
 
double
ThreeGppNTNRuralChannelConditionModel::ComputePlos(Ptr<const MobilityModel> a,
                                                   Ptr<const MobilityModel> b) const
{
    // Compute the LOS probability (see 3GPP TR 38.811, Table 6.6.1-1).
    // The elevation angle is first quantized to one of the reference angles.
    auto [elevAngle, quantizedElevAngle] = GetQuantizedElevationAngle(a, b);
    return SuburbanRuralLOSProb.at(quantizedElevAngle);
}
 
} // end namespace ns3