uan-mac-rc.cc

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2009 University of Washington
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 *
 * Author: Leonard Tracy <lentracy@gmail.com>
 */
 
#include "uan-mac-rc.h"
 
#include "uan-header-common.h"
#include "uan-header-rc.h"
#include "uan-phy-dual.h"
#include "uan-phy.h"
#include "uan-tx-mode.h"
 
#include "ns3/assert.h"
#include "ns3/double.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/nstime.h"
#include "ns3/simulator.h"
#include "ns3/uinteger.h"
 
#include <list>
#include <utility>
 
namespace ns3
{
 
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("UanMacRc");
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(UanMacRc);
 
Reservation::Reservation()
    : m_length(0),
      m_frameNo(0),
      m_retryNo(0),
      m_transmitted(false)
{
}
 
Reservation::Reservation(std::list<std::pair<Ptr<Packet>, Mac8Address>>& list,
                         uint8_t frameNo,
                         uint32_t maxPkts)
    : m_frameNo(frameNo),
      m_retryNo(0),
      m_transmitted(false)
{
    uint32_t numPkts = (maxPkts) ? maxPkts : static_cast<uint32_t>(list.size());
    uint32_t length = 0;
    UanHeaderRcData dh;
    UanHeaderCommon ch;
 
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numPkts; i++)
    {
        length += list.front().first->GetSize() + ch.GetSerializedSize() + dh.GetSerializedSize();
        m_pktList.push_back(list.front());
        list.pop_front();
    }
    m_length = length;
}
 
Reservation::~Reservation()
{
    for (auto it = m_pktList.begin(); it != m_pktList.end(); it++)
    {
        it->first = Ptr<Packet>((Packet*)nullptr);
    }
    m_pktList.clear();
    m_timestamp.clear();
}
 
uint32_t
Reservation::GetNoFrames() const
{
    return static_cast<uint32_t>(m_pktList.size());
}
 
uint32_t
Reservation::GetLength() const
{
    return m_length;
}
 
const std::list<std::pair<Ptr<Packet>, Mac8Address>>&
Reservation::GetPktList() const
{
    return m_pktList;
}
 
uint8_t
Reservation::GetFrameNo() const
{
    return m_frameNo;
}
 
uint8_t
Reservation::GetRetryNo() const
{
    return m_retryNo;
}
 
Time
Reservation::GetTimestamp(uint8_t n) const
{
    return m_timestamp[n];
}
 
bool
Reservation::IsTransmitted() const
{
    return m_transmitted;
}
 
void
Reservation::SetFrameNo(uint8_t fn)
{
    m_frameNo = fn;
}
 
void
Reservation::AddTimestamp(Time t)
{
    m_timestamp.push_back(t);
}
 
void
Reservation::IncrementRetry()
{
    m_retryNo++;
}
 
void
Reservation::SetTransmitted(bool /* t */)
{
    m_transmitted = true;
}
 
uint32_t UanMacRc::m_cntrlSends = 0;
 
UanMacRc::UanMacRc()
    : UanMac(),
      m_state(UNASSOCIATED),
      m_rtsBlocked(false),
      m_currentRate(10),
      m_frameNo(0),
      m_cleared(false)
{
    m_ev = CreateObject<ExponentialRandomVariable>();
 
    UanHeaderCommon ch;
    UanHeaderRcCts ctsh;
    UanHeaderRcCtsGlobal ctsg;
 
    m_ctsSizeN = ctsh.GetSerializedSize();
    m_ctsSizeG = ch.GetSerializedSize() + ctsg.GetSerializedSize();
}
 
UanMacRc::~UanMacRc()
{
}
 
void
UanMacRc::Clear()
{
    if (m_cleared)
    {
        return;
    }
    m_cleared = true;
    if (m_phy)
    {
        m_phy->Clear();
        m_phy = nullptr;
    }
    for (auto it = m_pktQueue.begin(); it != m_pktQueue.end(); it++)
    {
        it->first = nullptr;
    }
    m_pktQueue.clear();
    m_resList.clear();
    m_startAgain.Cancel();
    m_rtsEvent.Cancel();
}
 
void
UanMacRc::DoDispose()
{
    Clear();
    UanMac::DoDispose();
}
 
TypeId
UanMacRc::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid =
        TypeId("ns3::UanMacRc")
            .SetParent<UanMac>()
            .SetGroupName("Uan")
            .AddConstructor<UanMacRc>()
            .AddAttribute("RetryRate",
                          "Number of retry attempts per second (of RTS/GWPING).",
                          DoubleValue(1 / 5.0),
                          MakeDoubleAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_retryRate),
                          MakeDoubleChecker<double>())
            .AddAttribute("MaxFrames",
                          "Maximum number of frames to include in a single RTS.",
                          UintegerValue(1),
                          MakeUintegerAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_maxFrames),
                          MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t>())
            .AddAttribute("QueueLimit",
                          "Maximum packets to queue at MAC.",
                          UintegerValue(10),
                          MakeUintegerAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_queueLimit),
                          MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t>())
            .AddAttribute("SIFS",
                          "Spacing to give between frames (this should match gateway).",
                          TimeValue(Seconds(0.2)),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_sifs),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("NumberOfRates",
                          "Number of rate divisions supported by each PHY.",
                          UintegerValue(0),
                          MakeUintegerAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_numRates),
                          MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t>())
            .AddAttribute("MinRetryRate",
                          "Smallest allowed RTS retry rate.",
                          DoubleValue(0.01),
                          MakeDoubleAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_minRetryRate),
                          MakeDoubleChecker<double>())
            .AddAttribute("RetryStep",
                          "Retry rate increment.",
                          DoubleValue(0.01),
                          MakeDoubleAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_retryStep),
                          MakeDoubleChecker<double>())
            .AddAttribute("MaxPropDelay",
                          "Maximum possible propagation delay to gateway.",
                          TimeValue(Seconds(2)),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_learnedProp),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddTraceSource("Enqueue",
                            "A  (data) packet arrived at MAC for transmission.",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_enqueueLogger),
                            "ns3::UanMacRc::QueueTracedCallback")
            .AddTraceSource("Dequeue",
                            "A  (data) packet was passed down to PHY from MAC.",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_dequeueLogger),
                            "ns3::UanMacRc::QueueTracedCallback")
            .AddTraceSource("RX",
                            "A packet was destined for and received at this MAC layer.",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&UanMacRc::m_rxLogger),
                            "ns3::UanMac::PacketModeTracedCallback");
    return tid;
}
 
int64_t
UanMacRc::AssignStreams(int64_t stream)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << stream);
    m_ev->SetStream(stream);
    return 1;
}
 
bool
UanMacRc::Enqueue(Ptr<Packet> packet, uint16_t protocolNumber, const Address& dest)
{
    if (protocolNumber > 0)
    {
        NS_LOG_WARN("Warning: UanMacRc does not support multiple protocols.  protocolNumber "
                    "argument to Enqueue is being ignored");
    }
 
    if (m_pktQueue.size() >= m_queueLimit)
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    m_pktQueue.emplace_back(packet, Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(dest));
 
    switch (m_state)
    {
    case UNASSOCIATED:
        Associate();
        return true;
    case IDLE:
        if (!m_rtsEvent.IsPending())
        {
            SendRts();
        }
        return true;
    case GWPSENT:
    case RTSSENT:
    case DATATX:
        return true;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
void
UanMacRc::SetForwardUpCb(Callback<void, Ptr<Packet>, uint16_t, const Mac8Address&> cb)
{
    m_forwardUpCb = cb;
}
 
void
UanMacRc::AttachPhy(Ptr<UanPhy> phy)
{
    m_phy = phy;
    m_phy->SetReceiveOkCallback(MakeCallback(&UanMacRc::ReceiveOkFromPhy, this));
}
 
void
UanMacRc::ReceiveOkFromPhy(Ptr<Packet> pkt, double /* sinr */, UanTxMode mode)
{
    UanHeaderCommon ch;
    pkt->RemoveHeader(ch);
    if (ch.GetDest() == Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()) ||
        ch.GetDest() == Mac8Address::GetBroadcast())
    {
        m_rxLogger(pkt, mode);
    }
 
    switch (ch.GetType())
    {
    case TYPE_DATA:
 
        if (ch.GetDest() == Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()))
        {
            NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S) << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                                           << " UanMacRc Receiving DATA packet from PHY");
            UanHeaderRcData dh;
            pkt->RemoveHeader(dh);
            m_forwardUpCb(pkt, ch.GetProtocolNumber(), ch.GetSrc());
        }
        break;
    case TYPE_RTS:
        // Currently don't respond to RTS packets at non-gateway nodes
        // (Code assumes single network neighborhood)
        break;
    case TYPE_CTS: {
        uint32_t ctsBytes = ch.GetSerializedSize() + pkt->GetSize();
        m_assocAddr = ch.GetSrc();
        UanHeaderRcCtsGlobal ctsg;
        pkt->RemoveHeader(ctsg);
        m_currentRate = ctsg.GetRateNum();
        m_retryRate = m_minRetryRate + m_retryStep * ctsg.GetRetryRate();
 
        UanHeaderRcRts rhtmp;
 
        Time winDelay = ctsg.GetWindowTime();
 
        if (winDelay > Time(0))
        {
            m_rtsBlocked = false;
            Simulator::Schedule(winDelay, &UanMacRc::BlockRtsing, this);
        }
        else
        {
            NS_FATAL_ERROR(Now().As(Time::S) << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                                             << " Received window period < 0");
        }
 
        UanHeaderRcCts ctsh;
        ctsh.SetAddress(Mac8Address::GetBroadcast());
        while (pkt->GetSize() > 0)
        {
            pkt->RemoveHeader(ctsh);
            if (ctsh.GetAddress() == Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()))
            {
                if (m_state == GWPSENT)
                {
                    m_assocAddr = ch.GetSrc();
                    ScheduleData(ctsh, ctsg, ctsBytes);
                }
                else if (m_state == RTSSENT)
                {
                    ScheduleData(ctsh, ctsg, ctsBytes);
                }
                else
                {
                    NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S)
                                 << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                                 << " received CTS while state != RTSSENT or GWPING");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    break;
    case TYPE_GWPING:
        // Do not respond to GWPINGS at non-gateway nodes
        break;
    case TYPE_ACK:
        m_rtsBlocked = true;
        if (ch.GetDest() != Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()))
        {
            return;
        }
        ProcessAck(pkt);
        break;
    default:
        NS_FATAL_ERROR("Unknown packet type " << ch.GetType() << " received at node "
                                              << GetAddress());
    }
}
 
void
UanMacRc::ScheduleData(const UanHeaderRcCts& ctsh,
                       const UanHeaderRcCtsGlobal& ctsg,
                       uint32_t ctsBytes)
{
    NS_ASSERT(m_state == RTSSENT || m_state == GWPSENT);
 
    auto it = m_resList.begin();
    for (; it != m_resList.end(); it++)
    {
        if (it->GetFrameNo() == ctsh.GetFrameNo())
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (it == m_resList.end())
    {
        NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S)
                     << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                     << " received CTS packet with no corresponding reservation!");
        return;
    }
    NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S) << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                                   << " received CTS packet.  Scheduling data");
    it->SetTransmitted();
 
    double currentBps = m_phy->GetMode(m_currentRate).GetDataRateBps();
 
    m_learnedProp = Simulator::Now() - ctsg.GetTxTimeStamp() - Seconds(ctsBytes * 8.0 / currentBps);
 
    Time arrTime = ctsg.GetTxTimeStamp() + ctsh.GetDelayToTx();
    Time txTime = arrTime - m_learnedProp;
 
    Time startDelay = txTime - Simulator::Now();
 
    Time frameDelay = Seconds(0);
 
    const std::list<std::pair<Ptr<Packet>, Mac8Address>> l = it->GetPktList();
    auto pit = l.begin();
 
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < it->GetNoFrames(); i++, pit++)
    {
        Ptr<Packet> pkt = (*pit).first->Copy();
 
        UanHeaderRcData dh;
        dh.SetFrameNo(i);
        dh.SetPropDelay(m_learnedProp);
        pkt->AddHeader(dh);
 
        UanHeaderCommon ch;
        ch.SetType(TYPE_DATA);
        ch.SetDest(m_assocAddr);
        ch.SetSrc(Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()));
 
        pkt->AddHeader(ch);
        Time eventTime = startDelay + frameDelay;
        if (eventTime < Time(0))
        {
            NS_FATAL_ERROR(
                "Scheduling error resulted in very negative data transmission time! eventTime = "
                << eventTime.As(Time::S));
        }
        NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S)
                     << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                     << " scheduling with delay " << eventTime.As(Time::S) << " propDelay "
                     << m_learnedProp.As(Time::S) << " start delay " << startDelay.As(Time::S)
                     << " arrival time " << arrTime.As(Time::S));
        Simulator::Schedule(eventTime, &UanMacRc::SendPacket, this, pkt, m_currentRate);
        frameDelay = frameDelay + m_sifs + Seconds(pkt->GetSize() / currentBps);
    }
 
    m_state = IDLE;
    if (!m_pktQueue.empty())
    {
        if (m_rtsEvent.IsPending())
        {
            m_rtsEvent.Cancel();
        }
 
        m_ev->SetAttribute("Mean", DoubleValue(1 / m_retryRate));
        double timeout = m_ev->GetValue();
        m_rtsEvent = Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(timeout), &UanMacRc::SendRts, this);
    }
}
 
void
UanMacRc::SendPacket(Ptr<Packet> pkt, uint32_t rate)
{
    UanHeaderCommon ch;
    pkt->PeekHeader(ch);
    std::string type;
    switch (ch.GetType())
    {
    case TYPE_DATA:
        type = "DATA";
        break;
    case TYPE_RTS:
        type = "RTS";
        break;
    case TYPE_CTS:
        type = "CTS";
        break;
    case TYPE_ACK:
        type = "ACK";
        break;
    case TYPE_GWPING:
        type = "GWPING";
        break;
    default:
        type = "UNKNOWN";
        break;
    }
    NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S)
                 << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()) << " transmitting "
                 << pkt->GetSize() << " byte packet of type " << type << " with rate " << rate
                 << "(" << m_phy->GetMode(rate).GetDataRateBps() << ") to " << ch.GetDest());
    m_dequeueLogger(pkt, rate);
    m_phy->SendPacket(pkt, rate);
}
 
void
UanMacRc::ProcessAck(Ptr<Packet> ack)
{
    UanHeaderRcAck ah;
    ack->RemoveHeader(ah);
 
    auto it = m_resList.begin();
    for (; it != m_resList.end(); it++)
    {
        if (it->GetFrameNo() == ah.GetFrameNo())
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (it == m_resList.end())
    {
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("In " << __func__
                           << " could not find reservation corresponding to received ACK");
        return;
    }
    if (!it->IsTransmitted())
    {
        return;
    }
    if (ah.GetNoNacks() > 0)
    {
        const std::list<std::pair<Ptr<Packet>, Mac8Address>> l = it->GetPktList();
        auto pit = l.begin();
 
        const std::set<uint8_t>& nacks = ah.GetNackedFrames();
        auto nit = nacks.begin();
        uint8_t pnum = 0;
        for (; nit != nacks.end(); nit++)
        {
            NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S) << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                                           << " Received NACK for " << (uint32_t)*nit);
            while (pnum < *nit)
            {
                pit++;
                pnum++;
            }
            UanHeaderRcData dh;
            UanHeaderCommon ch;
            m_pktQueue.push_front(*pit);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S) << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                                       << " received ACK for all frames");
    }
    m_resList.erase(it);
}
 
UanHeaderRcRts
UanMacRc::CreateRtsHeader(const Reservation& res)
{
    UanHeaderRcRts rh = UanHeaderRcRts();
 
    rh.SetLength(static_cast<uint16_t>(res.GetLength()));
    rh.SetNoFrames(static_cast<uint8_t>(res.GetNoFrames()));
    rh.SetTimeStamp(res.GetTimestamp(res.GetRetryNo()));
    rh.SetFrameNo(res.GetFrameNo());
    rh.SetRetryNo(res.GetRetryNo());
    return rh;
}
 
void
UanMacRc::Associate()
{
    m_cntrlSends++;
 
    Reservation res(m_pktQueue, m_frameNo, m_maxFrames);
    res.AddTimestamp(Simulator::Now());
    m_frameNo++;
    m_resList.push_back(res);
    Ptr<UanPhyDual> phyDual = m_phy->GetObject<UanPhyDual>();
    bool phy1ok = IsPhy1Ok();
    if (phy1ok && !phyDual->IsPhy2Tx() && !m_rtsBlocked)
    {
        Ptr<Packet> pkt = Create<Packet>(0);
        pkt->AddHeader(CreateRtsHeader(res));
        pkt->AddHeader(UanHeaderCommon(Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()),
                                       Mac8Address::GetBroadcast(),
                                       static_cast<uint8_t>(TYPE_GWPING),
                                       0));
        NS_LOG_DEBUG(Now().As(Time::S) << " Sending first GWPING " << *pkt);
        SendPacket(pkt, m_currentRate + m_numRates);
    }
    m_state = GWPSENT;
    NS_ASSERT(!m_rtsEvent.IsPending());
    m_ev->SetAttribute("Mean", DoubleValue(1 / m_retryRate));
    double timeout = m_ev->GetValue();
    m_rtsEvent = Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(timeout), &UanMacRc::AssociateTimeout, this);
}
 
void
UanMacRc::AssociateTimeout()
{
    m_cntrlSends++;
    if (m_state != GWPSENT)
    {
        return;
    }
    Ptr<UanPhyDual> phyDual = m_phy->GetObject<UanPhyDual>();
    bool phy1ok = IsPhy1Ok();
    if (phy1ok && !phyDual->IsPhy2Tx() && !m_rtsBlocked)
    {
        Ptr<Packet> pkt = Create<Packet>();
 
        Reservation res = m_resList.back();
        m_resList.pop_back();
        res.AddTimestamp(Simulator::Now());
        res.IncrementRetry();
 
        pkt->AddHeader(CreateRtsHeader(res));
        pkt->AddHeader(UanHeaderCommon(Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()),
                                       Mac8Address::GetBroadcast(),
                                       static_cast<uint8_t>(TYPE_GWPING),
                                       0));
 
        SendPacket(pkt, m_currentRate + m_numRates);
        m_resList.push_back(res);
    }
    NS_ASSERT(!m_rtsEvent.IsPending());
    m_ev->SetAttribute("Mean", DoubleValue(1 / m_retryRate));
    double timeout = m_ev->GetValue();
    m_rtsEvent = Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(timeout), &UanMacRc::AssociateTimeout, this);
}
 
void
UanMacRc::SendRts()
{
    m_cntrlSends++;
    if (m_state == RTSSENT)
    {
        return;
    }
 
    NS_ASSERT(!m_pktQueue.empty());
 
    Reservation res(m_pktQueue, m_frameNo, m_maxFrames);
    res.AddTimestamp(Simulator::Now());
    m_frameNo++;
    m_resList.push_back(res);
    Ptr<UanPhyDual> phyDual = m_phy->GetObject<UanPhyDual>();
    bool phy1ok = IsPhy1Ok();
    if (phy1ok && !phyDual->IsPhy2Tx() && !m_rtsBlocked)
    {
        Ptr<Packet> pkt = Create<Packet>(0);
        pkt->AddHeader(CreateRtsHeader(res));
        pkt->AddHeader(UanHeaderCommon(Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()),
                                       Mac8Address::GetBroadcast(),
                                       static_cast<uint8_t>(TYPE_RTS),
                                       0));
        SendPacket(pkt, m_currentRate + m_numRates);
    }
    m_state = RTSSENT;
    NS_ASSERT(!m_rtsEvent.IsPending());
    m_ev->SetAttribute("Mean", DoubleValue(1 / m_retryRate));
    double timeout = m_ev->GetValue();
    m_rtsEvent = Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(timeout), &UanMacRc::RtsTimeout, this);
}
 
// We assume here that packet types are known at detection.
bool
UanMacRc::IsPhy1Ok()
{
    Ptr<UanPhyDual> phyDual = m_phy->GetObject<UanPhyDual>();
 
    bool phy1ok = true;
    if (phyDual->IsPhy1Rx())
    {
        Ptr<Packet> pkt = phyDual->GetPhy1PacketRx();
        UanHeaderCommon ch;
        pkt->PeekHeader(ch);
        if (ch.GetType() == TYPE_CTS || ch.GetType() == TYPE_ACK ||
            ch.GetDest() == Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()))
        {
            phy1ok = false;
        }
    }
    return phy1ok;
}
 
void
UanMacRc::RtsTimeout()
{
    m_cntrlSends++;
 
    if (m_state != RTSSENT)
    {
        return;
    }
    Ptr<UanPhyDual> phyDual = m_phy->GetObject<UanPhyDual>();
 
    bool phy1ok = IsPhy1Ok();
    if (phy1ok && !phyDual->IsPhy2Tx() && !m_rtsBlocked)
    {
        if (m_resList.empty())
        {
            NS_FATAL_ERROR(Now().As(Time::S) << " Node " << Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress())
                                             << " tried to retry RTS with empty reservation list");
        }
        Ptr<Packet> pkt = Create<Packet>(0);
 
        Reservation res = m_resList.back();
        NS_ASSERT(!res.IsTransmitted());
        m_resList.pop_back();
        res.AddTimestamp(Simulator::Now());
        res.IncrementRetry();
        m_resList.push_back(res);
        pkt->AddHeader(CreateRtsHeader(res));
        pkt->AddHeader(UanHeaderCommon(Mac8Address::ConvertFrom(GetAddress()),
                                       Mac8Address::GetBroadcast(),
                                       static_cast<uint8_t>(TYPE_RTS),
                                       0));
        SendPacket(pkt, m_currentRate + m_numRates);
    }
    m_state = RTSSENT;
    NS_ASSERT(!m_rtsEvent.IsPending());
    m_ev->SetAttribute("Mean", DoubleValue(1 / m_retryRate));
    double timeout = m_ev->GetValue();
    m_rtsEvent = Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(timeout), &UanMacRc::RtsTimeout, this);
}
 
void
UanMacRc::BlockRtsing()
{
    m_rtsBlocked = true;
}
 
} // namespace ns3