ripng.h

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2014 Universita' di Firenze, Italy
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 *
 * Author: Tommaso Pecorella <tommaso.pecorella@unifi.it>
 */
 
#ifndef RIPNG_H
#define RIPNG_H
 
#include "ipv6-interface.h"
#include "ipv6-l3-protocol.h"
#include "ipv6-routing-protocol.h"
#include "ipv6-routing-table-entry.h"
#include "ripng-header.h"
 
#include "ns3/inet6-socket-address.h"
#include "ns3/random-variable-stream.h"
 
#include <list>
 
namespace ns3
{
 
/**
 * \ingroup ipv6Routing
 * \defgroup ripng RIPng
 *
 * The RIPng protocol (\RFC{2080}) is a unicast-only IPv6 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol).
 * Its convergence time is rather long. As a consequence, it is suggested to
 * carefully check the network topology and the route status before sending
 * data flows.
 *
 * RIPng implements the Bellman-Ford algorithm (although the RFC does not state it).
 * Bellman-Ford algorithm convergence time is O(|V|*|E|) where |V| and |E| are the
 * number of vertices (routers) and edges (links) respectively. Since unsolicited
 * updates are exchanged every 30 seconds, the convergence might require a long time.
 *
 * For the RIPng protocol, the exact convergence time is shorter, thanks to the
 * use of triggered updates, which are sent when a route changes.
 * Even with triggered updates, the convergence is in the order of magnitude of
 * O(|V|*|E|) * 5 seconds, which is still quite long for complex topologies.
 *
 * \todo: Add routing table compression (CIDR). The most evident result: without
 * it a router will announce to be the default router *and* more RTEs, which is silly.
 */
 
/**
 * \ingroup ripng
 * \brief RipNg Routing Table Entry
 */
class RipNgRoutingTableEntry : public Ipv6RoutingTableEntry
{
  public:
    /**
     * Route status
     */
    enum Status_e
    {
        RIPNG_VALID,
        RIPNG_INVALID,
    };
 
    RipNgRoutingTableEntry();
 
    /**
     * \brief Constructor
     * \param network network address
     * \param networkPrefix network prefix
     * \param nextHop next hop address to route the packet
     * \param interface interface index
     * \param prefixToUse prefix that should be used for source address for this destination
     */
    RipNgRoutingTableEntry(Ipv6Address network,
                           Ipv6Prefix networkPrefix,
                           Ipv6Address nextHop,
                           uint32_t interface,
                           Ipv6Address prefixToUse);
 
    /**
     * \brief Constructor
     * \param network network address
     * \param networkPrefix network prefix
     * \param interface interface index
     */
    RipNgRoutingTableEntry(Ipv6Address network, Ipv6Prefix networkPrefix, uint32_t interface);
 
    ~RipNgRoutingTableEntry() override;
 
    /**
     * \brief Set the route tag
     * \param routeTag the route tag
     */
    void SetRouteTag(uint16_t routeTag);
 
    /**
     * \brief Get the route tag
     * \returns the route tag
     */
    uint16_t GetRouteTag() const;
 
    /**
     * \brief Set the route metric
     * \param routeMetric the route metric
     */
    void SetRouteMetric(uint8_t routeMetric);
 
    /**
     * \brief Get the route metric
     * \returns the route metric
     */
    uint8_t GetRouteMetric() const;
 
    /**
     * \brief Set the route status
     * \param status the route status
     */
    void SetRouteStatus(Status_e status);
 
    /**
     * \brief Get the route status
     * \returns the route status
     */
    Status_e GetRouteStatus() const;
 
    /**
     * \brief Set the route as changed
     *
     * The changed routes are scheduled for a Triggered Update.
     * After a Triggered Update, all the changed flags are cleared
     * from the routing table.
     *
     * \param changed true if route is changed
     */
    void SetRouteChanged(bool changed);
 
    /**
     * \brief Get the route changed status
     *
     * \returns true if route is changed
     */
    bool IsRouteChanged() const;
 
  private:
    uint16_t m_tag;    //!< route tag
    uint8_t m_metric;  //!< route metric
    Status_e m_status; //!< route status
    bool m_changed;    //!< route has been updated
};
 
/**
 * \brief Stream insertion operator.
 *
 * \param os the reference to the output stream
 * \param route the Ipv6 routing table entry
 * \returns the reference to the output stream
 */
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const RipNgRoutingTableEntry& route);
 
/**
 * \ingroup ripng
 *
 * \brief RIPng Routing Protocol, defined in \RFC{2080}.
 */
class RipNg : public Ipv6RoutingProtocol
{
  public:
    // /< C-tor
    RipNg();
    ~RipNg() override;
 
    /**
     * \brief Get the type ID
     * \return type ID
     */
    static TypeId GetTypeId();
 
    // From Ipv6RoutingProtocol
    Ptr<Ipv6Route> RouteOutput(Ptr<Packet> p,
                               const Ipv6Header& header,
                               Ptr<NetDevice> oif,
                               Socket::SocketErrno& sockerr) override;
    bool RouteInput(Ptr<const Packet> p,
                    const Ipv6Header& header,
                    Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,
                    const UnicastForwardCallback& ucb,
                    const MulticastForwardCallback& mcb,
                    const LocalDeliverCallback& lcb,
                    const ErrorCallback& ecb) override;
    void NotifyInterfaceUp(uint32_t interface) override;
    void NotifyInterfaceDown(uint32_t interface) override;
    void NotifyAddAddress(uint32_t interface, Ipv6InterfaceAddress address) override;
    void NotifyRemoveAddress(uint32_t interface, Ipv6InterfaceAddress address) override;
    void NotifyAddRoute(Ipv6Address dst,
                        Ipv6Prefix mask,
                        Ipv6Address nextHop,
                        uint32_t interface,
                        Ipv6Address prefixToUse = Ipv6Address::GetZero()) override;
    void NotifyRemoveRoute(Ipv6Address dst,
                           Ipv6Prefix mask,
                           Ipv6Address nextHop,
                           uint32_t interface,
                           Ipv6Address prefixToUse = Ipv6Address::GetZero()) override;
    void SetIpv6(Ptr<Ipv6> ipv6) override;
    void PrintRoutingTable(Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream,
                           Time::Unit unit = Time::S) const override;
 
    /**
     * Split Horizon strategy type. See \RFC{2080}.
     */
    enum SplitHorizonType_e
    {
        NO_SPLIT_HORIZON, //!< No Split Horizon
        SPLIT_HORIZON,    //!< Split Horizon
        POISON_REVERSE,   //!< Poison Reverse Split Horizon
    };
 
    /**
     * Assign a fixed random variable stream number to the random variables
     * used by this model.  Return the number of streams (possibly zero) that
     * have been assigned.
     *
     * \param stream first stream index to use
     * \return the number of stream indices assigned by this model
     */
    int64_t AssignStreams(int64_t stream);
 
    /**
     * \brief Get the set of interface excluded from the protocol
     * \return the set of excluded interfaces
     */
    std::set<uint32_t> GetInterfaceExclusions() const;
 
    /**
     * \brief Set the set of interface excluded from the protocol
     * \param exceptions the set of excluded interfaces
     */
    void SetInterfaceExclusions(std::set<uint32_t> exceptions);
 
    /**
     * \brief Get the metric for an interface
     * \param interface the interface
     * \returns the interface metric
     */
    uint8_t GetInterfaceMetric(uint32_t interface) const;
 
    /**
     * \brief Set the metric for an interface
     * \param interface the interface
     * \param metric the interface metric
     */
    void SetInterfaceMetric(uint32_t interface, uint8_t metric);
 
    /**
     * \brief Add a default route to the router through the nextHop located on interface.
     *
     * The default route is usually installed manually, or it is the result of
     * some "other" routing protocol (e.g., BGP).
     *
     * \param nextHop the next hop
     * \param interface the interface
     */
    void AddDefaultRouteTo(Ipv6Address nextHop, uint32_t interface);
 
  protected:
    /**
     * \brief Dispose this object.
     */
    void DoDispose() override;
 
    /**
     * Start protocol operation
     */
    void DoInitialize() override;
 
  private:
    /// Container for the network routes - pair RipNgRoutingTableEntry *, EventId (update event)
    typedef std::list<std::pair<RipNgRoutingTableEntry*, EventId>> Routes;
 
    /// Const Iterator for container for the network routes
    typedef std::list<std::pair<RipNgRoutingTableEntry*, EventId>>::const_iterator RoutesCI;
 
    /// Iterator for container for the network routes
    typedef std::list<std::pair<RipNgRoutingTableEntry*, EventId>>::iterator RoutesI;
 
    /**
     * \brief Receive RIPng packets.
     *
     * \param socket the socket the packet was received to.
     */
    void Receive(Ptr<Socket> socket);
 
    /**
     * \brief Handle RIPng requests.
     *
     * \param hdr message header (including RTEs)
     * \param senderAddress sender address
     * \param senderPort sender port
     * \param incomingInterface incoming interface
     * \param hopLimit packet's hop limit
     */
    void HandleRequests(RipNgHeader hdr,
                        Ipv6Address senderAddress,
                        uint16_t senderPort,
                        uint32_t incomingInterface,
                        uint8_t hopLimit);
 
    /**
     * \brief Handle RIPng responses.
     *
     * \param hdr message header (including RTEs)
     * \param senderAddress sender address
     * \param incomingInterface incoming interface
     * \param hopLimit packet's hop limit
     */
    void HandleResponses(RipNgHeader hdr,
                         Ipv6Address senderAddress,
                         uint32_t incomingInterface,
                         uint8_t hopLimit);
 
    /**
     * \brief Lookup in the forwarding table for destination.
     * \param dest destination address
     * \param setSource set source address in the route
     * \param interface output interface if any (put 0 otherwise)
     * \return Ipv6Route to route the packet to reach dest address
     */
    Ptr<Ipv6Route> Lookup(Ipv6Address dest, bool setSource, Ptr<NetDevice> = nullptr);
 
    /**
     * Receive and process unicast packet
     * \param socket socket where packet is arrived
     */
    void RecvUnicastRipng(Ptr<Socket> socket);
    /**
     * Receive and process multicast packet
     * \param socket socket where packet is arrived
     */
    void RecvMulticastRipng(Ptr<Socket> socket);
 
    /**
     * \brief Add route to network.
     * \param network network address
     * \param networkPrefix network prefix
     * \param nextHop next hop address to route the packet.
     * \param interface interface index
     * \param prefixToUse prefix that should be used for source address for this destination
     */
    void AddNetworkRouteTo(Ipv6Address network,
                           Ipv6Prefix networkPrefix,
                           Ipv6Address nextHop,
                           uint32_t interface,
                           Ipv6Address prefixToUse);
 
    /**
     * \brief Add route to network.
     * \param network network address
     * \param networkPrefix network prefix
     * \param interface interface index
     */
    void AddNetworkRouteTo(Ipv6Address network, Ipv6Prefix networkPrefix, uint32_t interface);
 
    /**
     * \brief Send Routing Updates on all interfaces.
     * \param periodic true for periodic update, else triggered.
     */
    void DoSendRouteUpdate(bool periodic);
 
    /**
     * \brief Send Routing Request on all interfaces.
     */
    void SendRouteRequest();
 
    /**
     * \brief Send Triggered Routing Updates on all interfaces.
     */
    void SendTriggeredRouteUpdate();
 
    /**
     * \brief Send Unsolicited Routing Updates on all interfaces.
     */
    void SendUnsolicitedRouteUpdate();
 
    /**
     * \brief Invalidate a route.
     * \param route the route to be removed
     */
    void InvalidateRoute(RipNgRoutingTableEntry* route);
 
    /**
     * \brief Delete a route.
     * \param route the route to be removed
     */
    void DeleteRoute(RipNgRoutingTableEntry* route);
 
    Routes m_routes;                //!<  the forwarding table for network.
    Ptr<Ipv6> m_ipv6;               //!< IPv6 reference
    Time m_startupDelay;            //!< Random delay before protocol startup.
    Time m_minTriggeredUpdateDelay; //!< Min cooldown delay after a Triggered Update.
    Time m_maxTriggeredUpdateDelay; //!< Max cooldown delay after a Triggered Update.
    Time m_unsolicitedUpdate;       //!< time between two Unsolicited Routing Updates
    Time m_timeoutDelay;            //!< Delay before invalidating a route
    Time m_garbageCollectionDelay;  //!< Delay before deleting an INVALID route
 
    // note: we can not trust the result of socket->GetBoundNetDevice ()->GetIfIndex ();
    // it is dependent on the interface initialization (i.e., if the loopback is already up).
    /// Socket list type
    typedef std::map<Ptr<Socket>, uint32_t> SocketList;
    /// Socket list type iterator
    typedef std::map<Ptr<Socket>, uint32_t>::iterator SocketListI;
    /// Socket list type const iterator
    typedef std::map<Ptr<Socket>, uint32_t>::const_iterator SocketListCI;
 
    SocketList
        m_unicastSocketList; //!< list of sockets for unicast messages (socket, interface index)
    Ptr<Socket> m_multicastRecvSocket; //!< multicast receive socket
 
    EventId m_nextUnsolicitedUpdate; //!< Next Unsolicited Update event
    EventId m_nextTriggeredUpdate;   //!< Next Triggered Update event
 
    Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> m_rng; //!< Rng stream.
 
    std::set<uint32_t> m_interfaceExclusions;       //!< Set of excluded interfaces
    std::map<uint32_t, uint8_t> m_interfaceMetrics; //!< Map of interface metrics
 
    SplitHorizonType_e m_splitHorizonStrategy; //!< Split Horizon strategy
 
    bool m_initialized; //!< flag to allow socket's late-creation.
    uint8_t m_linkDown; //!< Link down value.
};
 
} // namespace ns3
#endif /* RIPNG_H */