adr-component.cc

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018 University of Padova
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Matteo Perin <matteo.perin.2@studenti.unipd.it
 */
 
#include "adr-component.h"
 
namespace ns3
{
namespace lorawan
{
 
////////////////////////////////////////
// LinkAdrRequest commands management //
////////////////////////////////////////
 
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("AdrComponent");
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(AdrComponent);
 
TypeId
AdrComponent::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid =
        TypeId("ns3::AdrComponent")
            .SetGroupName("lorawan")
            .AddConstructor<AdrComponent>()
            .SetParent<NetworkControllerComponent>()
            .AddAttribute("MultipleGwCombiningMethod",
                          "Whether to average the received power of gateways or to use the maximum",
                          EnumValue(AdrComponent::AVERAGE),
                          MakeEnumAccessor<CombiningMethod>(&AdrComponent::tpAveraging),
                          MakeEnumChecker(AdrComponent::AVERAGE,
                                          "avg",
                                          AdrComponent::MAXIMUM,
                                          "max",
                                          AdrComponent::MINIMUM,
                                          "min"))
            .AddAttribute("MultiplePacketsCombiningMethod",
                          "Whether to average SNRs from multiple packets or to use the maximum",
                          EnumValue(AdrComponent::AVERAGE),
                          MakeEnumAccessor<CombiningMethod>(&AdrComponent::historyAveraging),
                          MakeEnumChecker(AdrComponent::AVERAGE,
                                          "avg",
                                          AdrComponent::MAXIMUM,
                                          "max",
                                          AdrComponent::MINIMUM,
                                          "min"))
            .AddAttribute("HistoryRange",
                          "Number of packets to use for averaging",
                          IntegerValue(4),
                          MakeIntegerAccessor(&AdrComponent::historyRange),
                          MakeIntegerChecker<int>(0, 100))
            .AddAttribute("ChangeTransmissionPower",
                          "Whether to toggle the transmission power or not",
                          BooleanValue(true),
                          MakeBooleanAccessor(&AdrComponent::m_toggleTxPower),
                          MakeBooleanChecker());
    return tid;
}
 
AdrComponent::AdrComponent()
{
}
 
AdrComponent::~AdrComponent()
{
}
 
void
AdrComponent::OnReceivedPacket(Ptr<const Packet> packet,
                               Ptr<EndDeviceStatus> status,
                               Ptr<NetworkStatus> networkStatus)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this->GetTypeId() << packet << networkStatus);
 
    // We will only act just before reply, when all Gateways will have received
    // the packet, since we need their respective received power.
}
 
void
AdrComponent::BeforeSendingReply(Ptr<EndDeviceStatus> status, Ptr<NetworkStatus> networkStatus)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << status << networkStatus);
 
    Ptr<Packet> myPacket = status->GetLastPacketReceivedFromDevice()->Copy();
    LorawanMacHeader mHdr;
    LoraFrameHeader fHdr;
    fHdr.SetAsUplink();
    myPacket->RemoveHeader(mHdr);
    myPacket->RemoveHeader(fHdr);
 
    // Execute the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm only if the request bit is set
    if (fHdr.GetAdr())
    {
        if (int(status->GetReceivedPacketList().size()) < historyRange)
        {
            NS_LOG_ERROR("Not enough packets received by this device ("
                         << status->GetReceivedPacketList().size()
                         << ") for the algorithm to work (need " << historyRange << ")");
        }
        else
        {
            NS_LOG_DEBUG("New Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) request");
 
            // Get the spreading factor used by the device
            uint8_t spreadingFactor = status->GetFirstReceiveWindowSpreadingFactor();
 
            // Get the device transmission power (dBm)
            uint8_t transmissionPower = status->GetMac()->GetTransmissionPower();
 
            // New parameters for the end-device
            uint8_t newDataRate;
            uint8_t newTxPower;
 
            // Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) Algorithm
            AdrImplementation(&newDataRate, &newTxPower, status);
 
            // Change the power back to the default if we don't want to change it
            if (!m_toggleTxPower)
            {
                newTxPower = transmissionPower;
            }
 
            if (newDataRate != SfToDr(spreadingFactor) || newTxPower != transmissionPower)
            {
                // Create a list with mandatory channel indexes
                int channels[] = {0, 1, 2};
                std::list<int> enabledChannels(channels, channels + sizeof(channels) / sizeof(int));
 
                // Repetitions Setting
                const int rep = 1;
 
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Sending LinkAdrReq with DR = " << (unsigned)newDataRate
                                                             << " and TP = " << (unsigned)newTxPower
                                                             << " dBm");
 
                status->m_reply.frameHeader.AddLinkAdrReq(newDataRate,
                                                          GetTxPowerIndex(newTxPower),
                                                          enabledChannels,
                                                          rep);
                status->m_reply.frameHeader.SetAsDownlink();
                status->m_reply.macHeader.SetMType(LorawanMacHeader::UNCONFIRMED_DATA_DOWN);
 
                status->m_reply.needsReply = true;
            }
            else
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Skipped request");
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Do nothing
    }
}
 
void
AdrComponent::OnFailedReply(Ptr<EndDeviceStatus> status, Ptr<NetworkStatus> networkStatus)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this->GetTypeId() << networkStatus);
}
 
void
AdrComponent::AdrImplementation(uint8_t* newDataRate,
                                uint8_t* newTxPower,
                                Ptr<EndDeviceStatus> status)
{
    // Compute the maximum or median SNR, based on the boolean value historyAveraging
    double m_SNR = 0;
    switch (historyAveraging)
    {
    case AdrComponent::AVERAGE:
        m_SNR = GetAverageSNR(status->GetReceivedPacketList(), historyRange);
        break;
    case AdrComponent::MAXIMUM:
        m_SNR = GetMaxSNR(status->GetReceivedPacketList(), historyRange);
        break;
    case AdrComponent::MINIMUM:
        m_SNR = GetMinSNR(status->GetReceivedPacketList(), historyRange);
    }
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("m_SNR = " << m_SNR);
 
    // Get the spreading factor used by the device
    uint8_t spreadingFactor = status->GetFirstReceiveWindowSpreadingFactor();
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("SF = " << (unsigned)spreadingFactor);
 
    // Get the device data rate and use it to get the SNR demodulation threshold
    double req_SNR = threshold[SfToDr(spreadingFactor)];
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Required SNR = " << req_SNR);
 
    // Get the device transmission power (dBm)
    double transmissionPower = status->GetMac()->GetTransmissionPower();
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Transmission Power = " << transmissionPower);
 
    // Compute the SNR margin taking into consideration the SNR of
    // previously received packets
    double margin_SNR = m_SNR - req_SNR;
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Margin = " << margin_SNR);
 
    // Number of steps to decrement the spreading factor (thereby increasing the data rate)
    // and the TP.
    int steps = std::floor(margin_SNR / 3);
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("steps = " << steps);
 
    // If the number of steps is positive (margin_SNR is positive, so its
    // decimal value is high) increment the data rate, if there are some
    // leftover steps after reaching the maximum possible data rate
    //(corresponding to the minimum spreading factor) decrement the transmission power as
    // well for the number of steps left.
    // If, on the other hand, the number of steps is negative (margin_SNR is
    // negative, so its decimal value is low) increase the transmission power
    //(note that the spreading factor is not incremented as this particular algorithm
    // expects the node itself to raise its spreading factor whenever necessary).
    while (steps > 0 && spreadingFactor > min_spreadingFactor)
    {
        spreadingFactor--;
        steps--;
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Decreased SF by 1");
    }
    while (steps > 0 && transmissionPower > min_transmissionPower)
    {
        transmissionPower -= 2;
        steps--;
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Decreased Ptx by 2");
    }
    while (steps < 0 && transmissionPower < max_transmissionPower)
    {
        transmissionPower += 2;
        steps++;
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Increased Ptx by 2");
    }
 
    *newDataRate = SfToDr(spreadingFactor);
    *newTxPower = transmissionPower;
}
 
uint8_t
AdrComponent::SfToDr(uint8_t sf)
{
    switch (sf)
    {
    case 12:
        return 0;
        break;
    case 11:
        return 1;
        break;
    case 10:
        return 2;
        break;
    case 9:
        return 3;
        break;
    case 8:
        return 4;
        break;
    default:
        return 5;
        break;
    }
}
 
double
AdrComponent::RxPowerToSNR(double transmissionPower) const
{
    // The following conversion ignores interfering packets
    return transmissionPower + 174 - 10 * log10(B) - NF;
}
 
// Get the maximum received power (it considers the values in dB!)
double
AdrComponent::GetMinTxFromGateways(EndDeviceStatus::GatewayList gwList)
{
    auto it = gwList.begin();
    double min = it->second.rxPower;
 
    for (; it != gwList.end(); it++)
    {
        if (it->second.rxPower < min)
        {
            min = it->second.rxPower;
        }
    }
 
    return min;
}
 
// Get the maximum received power (it considers the values in dB!)
double
AdrComponent::GetMaxTxFromGateways(EndDeviceStatus::GatewayList gwList)
{
    auto it = gwList.begin();
    double max = it->second.rxPower;
 
    for (; it != gwList.end(); it++)
    {
        if (it->second.rxPower > max)
        {
            max = it->second.rxPower;
        }
    }
 
    return max;
}
 
// Get the maximum received power
double
AdrComponent::GetAverageTxFromGateways(EndDeviceStatus::GatewayList gwList)
{
    double sum = 0;
 
    for (auto it = gwList.begin(); it != gwList.end(); it++)
    {
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Gateway at " << it->first << " has TP " << it->second.rxPower);
        sum += it->second.rxPower;
    }
 
    double average = sum / gwList.size();
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("TP (average) = " << average);
 
    return average;
}
 
double
AdrComponent::GetReceivedPower(EndDeviceStatus::GatewayList gwList)
{
    switch (tpAveraging)
    {
    case AdrComponent::AVERAGE:
        return GetAverageTxFromGateways(gwList);
    case AdrComponent::MAXIMUM:
        return GetMaxTxFromGateways(gwList);
    case AdrComponent::MINIMUM:
        return GetMinTxFromGateways(gwList);
    default:
        return -1;
    }
}
 
// TODO Make this more elegant
double
AdrComponent::GetMinSNR(EndDeviceStatus::ReceivedPacketList packetList, int historyRange)
{
    double m_SNR;
 
    // Take elements from the list starting at the end
    auto it = packetList.rbegin();
    double min = RxPowerToSNR(GetReceivedPower(it->second.gwList));
 
    for (int i = 0; i < historyRange; i++, it++)
    {
        m_SNR = RxPowerToSNR(GetReceivedPower(it->second.gwList));
 
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Received power: " << GetReceivedPower(it->second.gwList));
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("m_SNR = " << m_SNR);
 
        if (m_SNR < min)
        {
            min = m_SNR;
        }
    }
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("SNR (min) = " << min);
 
    return min;
}
 
double
AdrComponent::GetMaxSNR(EndDeviceStatus::ReceivedPacketList packetList, int historyRange)
{
    double m_SNR;
 
    // Take elements from the list starting at the end
    auto it = packetList.rbegin();
    double max = RxPowerToSNR(GetReceivedPower(it->second.gwList));
 
    for (int i = 0; i < historyRange; i++, it++)
    {
        m_SNR = RxPowerToSNR(GetReceivedPower(it->second.gwList));
 
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Received power: " << GetReceivedPower(it->second.gwList));
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("m_SNR = " << m_SNR);
 
        if (m_SNR > max)
        {
            max = m_SNR;
        }
    }
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("SNR (max) = " << max);
 
    return max;
}
 
double
AdrComponent::GetAverageSNR(EndDeviceStatus::ReceivedPacketList packetList, int historyRange)
{
    double sum = 0;
    double m_SNR;
 
    // Take elements from the list starting at the end
    auto it = packetList.rbegin();
    for (int i = 0; i < historyRange; i++, it++)
    {
        m_SNR = RxPowerToSNR(GetReceivedPower(it->second.gwList));
 
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Received power: " << GetReceivedPower(it->second.gwList));
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("m_SNR = " << m_SNR);
 
        sum += m_SNR;
    }
 
    double average = sum / historyRange;
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("SNR (average) = " << average);
 
    return average;
}
 
int
AdrComponent::GetTxPowerIndex(int txPower)
{
    if (txPower >= 16)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else if (txPower >= 14)
    {
        return 1;
    }
    else if (txPower >= 12)
    {
        return 2;
    }
    else if (txPower >= 10)
    {
        return 3;
    }
    else if (txPower >= 8)
    {
        return 4;
    }
    else if (txPower >= 6)
    {
        return 5;
    }
    else if (txPower >= 4)
    {
        return 6;
    }
    else
    {
        return 7;
    }
}
} // namespace lorawan
} // namespace ns3